John Snow Cholera - 1295 Words

John Snows approach to explaining cholera and how it spread consisted primarily of morbid poison entering the alimentary canal through means of contaminated water consumption. Snow believed this to be the basis of how cholera was contracted by individuals and believed improper sewage filtration was to blame as well as a means of spreading the disease from person to person. However, previous explanations of how cholera was contracted consisted of the theory of airborne infection. This theory proposed that cholera was contracted by inhaling air at low levels of altitude by such people as workers in slaughterhouses and bone merchants. This theory also proposed that the foul-smelling odors associated with these occupations were closely†¦show more content†¦Although Snow was never able to convince his peers early on of his theory that ingestion of contaminated water was the cause of cholera, he did recommend actions that could be taken in the presence of cholera and for preve nting the disease from spreading. These actions Snow provides in his pamphlet, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera consists of twelve measures society can perform in the presence of cholera and in preventing cholera and other diseases that are communicable in the same manner from spreading. The basis of the measures Snow suggests are strict cleanliness when dealing with sick individuals, proper preparations and filtration of water, and isolation between individuals that are sick and those who are not. Snows measure of strict cleanliness consisted of people exhibiting proper hygiene skills when dealing with disease stricken individuals by means of correct hand washing techniques, proper disposal of infected garments, and appropriate means of food handling. Snow was also an advocate of correct means of water filtration, primarily based on his theory of how cholera was transmitted. Actions that Snow suggested concerning water preparations and filtration included such things as boiling water before consumption, better source locations established by water companies, and a more efficient sewage and filtration systemShow MoreRelatedJohn Snow Father Of Epidemiology1094 Words   |  5 Pages == John Snow Father of Epidemiology Kagney Bryant Kaplan University August 29, 2014 John Snow Father of Epidemiology It is said â€Å"For his persistent efforts to determine how cholera was spread and for the statistical mapping methods he initiated, John Snow is widely considered to be the Father of [modern] Epidemiology† (David Vachon). The purpose of this paper is to communicate to you who John Snow is and expression to you what he did during his life. John Snow and the era he livedRead MoreThe Ghost Map By Steven Johnson1086 Words   |  5 Pageson a widespread disease that began in London in 1854. The story focuses on the cholera disease and the origin of where the disease might have began. Dr. John Snow and Reverend Henry Whitehead play a huge role in trying to prevent the disease from spreading and having a second cholera epidemic. Dr. John Snow was known as an intelligent physician who had a background with anesthesia advancements. He believed that cholera was a waterborne disease and that it was contaminated by the sewage. Snow’s goalRead MoreThe Devistating Story of the London Cholera Epidemic Captured in Johnsons The Ghost Map881 Words   |  4 Pagesrecaptures the London cholera epidemic of 1854. He concludes an accurate and engaging story of this outbreak in the history of epidemiology. Johnson who is known for his blunt and honest opinions about intersection of science and technology writes a wonderful narrative attacking the flawed proposals of the scientific community (Pogrebin, 2006). Ghost Map demonstrates the tragic events that caused devastating destruction to this community due to this mysterious disease called cholera. Cholera is caused byRead MoreBritish Leaders: John Snow, Edwin Chadwick and William Henry Beveridge826 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Snow John Snow born on the 15th March 1813 – 16th June 1858 grew up in the poorest region of York and subsequently specialised his life establishing the link between the cholera infection he had first encountered in 1831 in Newcastle and water as its vector. Snow’s most famous attribute was his research relating to the cholera outbreak in the London Epidemic of 1854. ‘On proceeding to the spot, I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the [Broad Street] pumpRead MoreThe Ghost Map By Steven Johnson1304 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount of Dr. John Snow’s remarkable discovery of how Cholera was spread in the 19th century. Johnson chronicles the everyday life of the average english man and woman, and in doing so, reveals the intricacies of changing the way a society thinks and responds to change. The Ghost Map reflects the correlation of the spread of Cholera and social status in 19th century England. It also shows prevailing scien tific beliefs at the time and their effect on medicine, accounts Dr. John Snow’s early involvementRead MoreEssay about Ghost Map1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthat urban intelligence could come to understand a massive health crisis of which most people refused to see the truth. Ultimately, the week of the Broad Street outbreak impacted the ways cities organized themselves. Solutions for problems such as cholera helped urbanization in advancing sanitation standards. The Great Stink of 1858 forced authorities to confront the problem of sewer lines emptying directly into the Thames River, and with the help of engineer Joseph Bazalgette, the city built a systemRead MoreHow John Snow Tested The Water Supply At Broad Street Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pageschallenging for scientists, like John Snow, to hold labs and experiment. One big factor I noticed that differentiates the two centuries was how John Snow tested the water supply at Broad Street. These days, epidemiologists and scientists use meters or technology to test the groundwater. However, John Snow had no other choice but to drink-test it himself; this was his method that led him to discover water-borne diseases. From this, we can learn how much John Snow was devoted to discovering betterRead MoreThe Gho st Map by Steven Johnson1024 Words   |  5 Pages The Ghost Map, which tells an intriguing story of the 1854 cholera outbreak in London while at the same time provides a wide array of information surrounding the thoughts and beliefs of the majority of the current society. This book follows an esteemed doctor and a local clergyman who, together, are the heart of an investigation to solve the mystery of the cholera epidemic. In 1854 London was ravaged by a terrible outbreak of cholera, where within the span of mere weeks over five hundred peopleRead MoreThe Conditions Of The Nineteenth Century And Why It Was Described As The Sanitary Era1477 Words   |  6 PagesModel Belief through the practices of the rich. The overcrowding and the poor living conditions meant that infectious diseases were rapidly manifesting and spreading. The recurrent epidemic killers were Smallpox, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever and Cholera. Those who were poorer suffered the most because of their poor unhygienic living conditions. However it did not mean to say that the wealthy people were immune it just meant that because of their wealth they had better standards of living and betterRead MoreThe Ghost Map By Steven Johnson1030 Words   |  5 Pagesof human disease, an inefficient waste management system. Johnson recounts the historical account of two men, Doctor John Snow and Henry Whitehead, an Oxford educated Anglican Priest. These two men were uniquely qualified to challenge the notion of miasma. Together they presented the theory that the water people were drinking and a poor waste removal system were the causes of cholera epidemics that would frequently sweep through London. In early city life, one of the most significant discomforts was

Forensic Anthropology Analysis Conducted On The 21 / 11 / 14

Forensic Anthropology Analysis conducted on the 21/11/14 Introduction: The practical involved examining the unidentified remains found in the back garden of Mr Wills’ house following his suicide. The remains were subject to a skeletal inventory, a brief examination (in order to assess the condition of the bones), sex estimation and stature estimation. All of these examinations were conducted with the objective of producing a biological profile for the victim/s in order to gain a better understanding of the possible identity of the victim and the circumstances surrounding their death. Background: The Metropolitan Police made a subsequent decision to conduct a search of Mr Leonard Wills’ house and garden after his suicide. During the search an oil drum was uncovered, located beneath an ornamental pond. Inside the oil drum a number of black bags (4) were discovered each encompassing a skull, pelvis, and femur. The police are working with the rational that each bag contains the remnants of one person. Aims: The practical aims to establish a minimum number of individuals at the crime scene, a biological profile for each victim and the possible cause of death to these victims. In order to achieve this a number of anthropometric procedures must take place. Firstly, an examination of which bones were present and their anatomical position using a Skeletal Recording Form. Following the examination, a detailed written description of each bone was produced. A broad range ofShow MoreRelatedBCH190 Essay14810 Words   |  60 Pagesconsidered as life forms (C) contain various membrane bound compartments, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei (D) are the most primitive type of cell originating 3.2 billion years ago (E) only live in extreme environments without oxygen 11. When individual cells divide they first make a copy of all the information they carry in their DNA and every cell in an organism usually contains a nearly exact copy of all of the DNA that codes for that organism. However, ‘life’ creates with mistakesRead MoreCounseling Abused Women7410 Words   |  30 Pagesparticipation Client participation Family involvement Part Four: Special needs Abuse of women with disabilities Equity/ Access to treatment Part Five: Parties’ promotion of various positions and their critical analysis Promotion the realization of Women’s Human Rights Critical analysis of various positions Conclusion References I. Introduction a. General overview of the topic Violence against women happens in every country all over the world. There is no country in which women areRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MorePattern of Thesis11382 Words   |  46 Pagesadding or editing reported incidents and information. This is subtended to this situation in order to attain full maximum security not only to the website itself but as well as the security of the family or persons involved in the reported incident. 11 Chapter 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This chapter shows the motivated conduct of the study by giving relevant studies and literatures. The compilation of related studies will present the insights from the existing researches and give a unique contributionRead MoreMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pagessocial sciences and later in other disciplines, the following two research methods can be applied, depending on the properties of the subject matter and on the objective of the research: Qualitativeresearch Quantitativeresearch Research is often conducted using the hourglass model Structure of Research. The hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the methodology of the project (like the neck of the hourglass), then expands the researchRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization

Digressions In Venus And Adonis And Hero And Leander Essay Example For Students

Digressions In Venus And Adonis And Hero And Leander Essay Digressions in Venus and Adonis and Hero and LeanderThe poems Venus Adonis and Hero Leander have many similarities. Venus Adonis, written by William Shakespeare (1593), is the story of lovesick Venus and innocent Adonis. Venus attempts to convince Adonis to have intimate relations with her. In the poem Hero Leander, written by Christopher Marlowe (1598), Leander convinces the beautiful Hero to consummate their relationship despite her arguments. Another similarity of the two works is the digressions within the poems. In VA, the digression involves two horses that are overcome by lust and eventually run off to mate in the woods. The digression in Hero Leander is also sexual in nature. It involves Neptune attempting to seduce Leander. The digressions in VA and Hero Leander have parallel references to the work as a whole. The digressions also have similar qualities that indicate the influence of Shakespeare on Marlowe. The digression in Venus Adonis occurs during the first one third of the poem. Shakespeare chooses to have the horses mirror the behavior of Venus and Adonis. The stallion, Adonis horse, mimics the actions of Venus. The stallion is the aggressor in the relationship; it is he who approaches the jennet. He shows off his strength and beauty by prancing and stamping on the ground. After his displays of strength and power the stallion, ?looks upon his love, and neighs unto her? (Shakespeare 41). It is clear that the horse is entreating the jennet to submit to him sexually. When Shakespeare describes the stallion he states that, ?this horse excel a common one? (293). This quote directly relates the horse to Venus. The reader knows that Venus is of uncommon status, she is a god and therefore is immortal. Shakespeare uses this knowledge to link the two characters. Venus is also very aggressive in her relationship with Adonis. Shakespeare humorously describes the way Venus demonstrates her strength in a way similar to the stallion. Venus takes, ?over one arm the lusty coursers rein, Under the other her tender boy? (31-32). Venus is attempting to use strength to get her love, the way the stallion used his strength. Shakespeare is making a reference to how Venus is taking what is customarily the male role. The actions of the jennet in the digression can be compared to the actions of Adonis in the poem. The jennet, when approached by the stallion, ?puts on outward strangeness, seems unkind: spurns his love, and scorns the heat he feels? (310-311). Shakespeare uses similar terms to describe Adonis feelings towards Venus. His feelings are described in the first four lines of the play, ? Hunting he lovd, but love he laughd to scorn? (4). These two lines indicate the direct connection between the stallion and Adonis in the poem. There are several themes in the digression that parallels the poem as a whole. Adonis resistance to Venus is increasing her passion just as the jennet resisting the stallion increases his passion. The stallion after being rejected by the jennet he ?stamps and bites the poor flies in his fume/he was enragd? (316-317). After Venus embraces Adonis, his anger increases his beauty. ?Pure shame and awd resistance made him fret, which bred more beauty in his angry eyes? (69-70). Shakespeare implies to the reader, through the parallelism in the digression, that Adonis will eventually relent to Venus as the jennet relents to the stallion. The digression in the poem Hero ; Leander also parallels poem as a whole. The actions of Neptune in the digression can be equated to the actions of Leader, outside of the digression. Throughout the poem, Leander is entreating Hero to come to his bed. She continually resists his advances stating that she has vowed her chastity to Venus. He proceeds to ?flatter, entreat, promise, protest, and swear? (Marlowe 268) in order to win her love. Similarly during the digression, Neptune fights to win the love of Leander. He follows him through the water and he, ?watchd his arms, and as they opened wide, at every stroke betwixt them would he slide, and steal a kiss, and then run out and dance (183-185). Neptune entreats Leader just as Leander entreats Hero. This comparison gives the reader an indication of what Marlowe may have been planning for the conclusion of the work. In the digression Neptune hurts himself out of love for Leander. It is possible that the poem would have ended in Leander h urting himself for the love of Hero. In the Hero Leander digression, Leanders actions compare to the actions of Hero outside of the digression. Hero attempts to hold on to her chastity, in spite of the fact that she loved Leander. Hero pleads to Venus to help her maintain this chastity in spite of Leander but ?Cupid beats down her prayers with his wings; her vows above the empty air he flings? (369-370). During the digression, Leander pleads to Thetis to help him escape the seduction of Neptune. ?That now should shine on Thetis glassy bower/O! that these tardy arms of mine were wings? (203-205). Hero attempts to reject the advances of Leander just as Leander attempts to reject the advances of Neptune. The digressions in VA and Hero Leander have many similar characteristics. Both digressions are sexual in nature. In VA, the digression describes the courtship of two horses. The digression in Hero Leander describes Neptunes desire for Leander. Both digressions also have a component of anger. In V;A, Adonis so enraged at his horse for his lusty actions that he bans ?his boistrous and unruly beast? (Shakespeare 26). Neptune, in Hero Leander, becomes so enraged at Leanders rejection of him that he almost kills him. ?And in his heart revenging malice bare he flung at him his mace (Marlowe 208-209). .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .postImageUrl , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:hover , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:visited , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:active { border:0!important; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:active , .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueedb1a10096a42a519cd2d502c81b90f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play Bouncers by John Godber EssayNot only do the two digressions possess many similar characteristics, but also the reader can find many references to V;A in Marlowes Hero Leander. In line 172 of Hero Leander, Neptune ?mounted up, intending to have kissd him.? This is a direct reference to the boar attempting to kiss Adonis in V;A. Another reference to a theme in V;A occurs fourteen lines before the digression in Hero ; Leander: ?But love resisted once, grows more passionate.? In the digression in V;A, the stallion grows more passionate when he is rejected by the jennet, just as Venus grows more passionate when rejected by Adonis. The stallion in V;A can also be dir ectly compared to Neptune in Hero ; Leander. Both are angered at the rejection of their love. The stallion, ?stamps, and bites the poor flies in his fume/ he was enragd? (Shakespeare 316-317). When Neptune is rejected he sends out his mace to kill Leander for his offense. Both were also assuaged by a gentle response from the object of their affection. The actions of the jennet can also be compared to the actions of Leander in the Hero Leander digression. The jennet teases the stallion with her lusty gaze. Similarly, Leander teases Neptune by jumping into the water naked. In addition to this, both Leander and the jennet are moved to kindness by anger and pain. When the stallion becomes angered, the jennet ?grew kinder and his fury was assuagd? (318). Leander also responds with pity after Neptunes rage. This causes the god to believe himself to be beloved by Leander (Marlowe 220). The two gods in these works can also be compared. Both Venus, in VA, and Neptune, in the Hero Leander digression, are lusty and passionate. Both gods are rejected and angered by the object of their affection. In addition to this, both Shakespeare and Marlowe refer to the immortal in their respective works as a murderous creature. In VA, Venus ?murders? Adonis rejection with a kiss (Shakespeare 54). In Hero ; Leander, Neptune almost kills Leander twice, once by accident and once in anger. The similarities and the parallelism between the two works indicate Shakespeares influence on Marlowes writing, particularly the writing of his digressions. The digressions in V;A and Hero ; Leander add a great deal to the story because of their comparative features. If the reader can understand the relationship between the digression and the poem as a whole, the reader can come to a better understanding of the work.. The digressions directly parallel the action in the poem. The two compared digressions have many similar characteristics, these characteristics included similarities in the digressions and references to V;A throughout Hero ; Leander. Works CitedClark, Sandra, ed. Amorous Rites: Elizabethan Erotic Narrative Verse. London:Dent, 1994. Marlowe, Christopher. Hero and Leander. Rpt. in Clark. 3-39. Shakespeare, William. Venus and Adonis. Rpt. in Clark. 31-70. English Essays

The Reasons and Justifications of the Middle East Naming

The name ‘Middle East’ is a common name for everyone, yet it is not understood in full by most people around the world. The name ‘Middle East’ needs to be clearly defined worldwide because of the controversy that the name ‘Middle East’ evokes among the people. In fact, it is thought by some people that such name as the Middle East does not exist. Therefore, to prove the existence of the ‘Middle East’, several questions have to be answered as well as identify those who named the place, and the reasons behind its naming.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Reasons and Justifications of the ‘Middle East’ Naming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is, therefore, an in-depth analysis of the ‘Middle East’, by trying to give reasons and justifications of its naming. Later in the paper, the effects of holding the name will be d iscussed with more emphasis on how it affects the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) states. Several years ago, such names as â€Å"Near East† and ‘The West’ were given to the place currently known as the Middle East. Normally, geographical locations are used in defining and naming various regions. However, the naming of the Middle East has proved to be difficult even with geographical locations. Geographically, the Middle East is located in the Southwestern part of Asia and in the North Eastern side of Africa (Bilgin, 2004, p.27). This area lies in between Europe and East Asia commonly referred to as the Far East. As such, it includes nations such as Cyprus, Gaza, Israel, Iran, Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, and other nations in the Arabian Peninsula including Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, along with Yemen. This list of countries making up the ‘Middle East’ is not conclusive because different writers and historians have different thoughts regarding th e number of countries to be included in that list. For instance, some have included Egypt and Libya in the Middle East nations, while others have omitted these countries. One would wonder why there has been the cause of disagreement in the term ‘Middle East’ for such a long time. As such, most international organizations have campaigned for the acceptance of the name ‘Middle East’ given its familiarity among people. On the other hand, there are those who claim that the name of the place is purely symbolic. Hence, another name should be adopted to replace the name ‘Middle East’. The research done indicates that nations located in the Middle East suffer from economic and social effects because of the fact that the ‘Middle East’ is associated with the Arab World, as such, all countries that are united by one name are thought to be of the Arabic culture (Essaid, 2009, p.1).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, this is not true because there are other countries associated with the ‘Middle East’ but that are not of Arabic culture. It is interesting to note that the term is also misunderstood even by the people who are living in the region (Essaid, 2009, p.1). Many writers and historians have tried to popularize the term ‘Middle East’ in a bid to have it globally accepted. Among numerous writers is Alfred Thayer whose article popularized ‘Middle East’ in the year 1902. His intention was strategic since most of the super power nations, such as Great Britain and the United States of America had refrained from supporting the ‘Middle East’ nations given the controversy in its name. This impact can be evidenced even up to date. Before oil was recovered in the Middle East, the term had been used to refer to the region in the midway of the two important region s of the world. However, currently, the Middle East has been broadly redefined to include the Gulf Cooperation Council states, such as North Africa, Iraq, Iran, as well as Levant (Pappà ©, 2005). This is the mostly understood and accepted definition of the term ‘Middle East’ as viewed by the western nations, political leaders, and international bodies. However, the naming of the Middle East has significantly affected the GCC nations in terms of the economic analysis. Most often than not, Middle East nations are now believed to start mingling with the Indian continent, thus, becoming an obstacle for those who want to do business with the GCC states. It is clearly evidenced by the fact that the trade between GCC nations and Asia is far much better and beneficial than the trade with the Arab world. As such, the GCC nations can be considered as being part of the West Asia given the good relationship they have with India and China. Recent statistics shows that much of the e nergy used in China’s manufacturing firms originates from the GCC states (Molavi, 2011, p.1). It can, therefore, be concluded that the name ‘Middle East’ should not be changed since it totally suits the region named. It is, nonetheless, expected that the nations located in the Middle East must be well defined, which will not only solve the controversy in the naming but it will also create an understanding of what it entails for the entire world. Reference List Bilgin, P. (2004). Whose ‘Middle East’? Geopolitical Inventions and Practices of Security. International Relations, 18(1), 26-27.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Reasons and Justifications of the ‘Middle East’ Naming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Essaid, A. (2009). What is the Middle East? Web. Molavi, A. (2011). ‘Middle East’ is pulled towards Asia by economics and affinity. Web. P appà ©, I. (2005). The Modern Middle East. New York: Routledge. This research paper on The Reasons and Justifications of the ‘Middle East’ Naming was written and submitted by user Shaniya Chavez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.