Argumentative Essay World Civ free essay sample

He was kidnapped and sold into slavery when he was just a young boy. His vivid accounts, as he was sold from trader to trader, are so moving and heartfelt. No one could express such deep sympathy for the multitude of other black slaves had he not been there during the experience. The following few paragraphs will explain just how he came to be sold into slavery and some of the things that he saw while he was being traded and shipped from place to place. Olaudah Equiano was born in 1745 in what is now eastern Nigeria. Life in his village was typical of the times. Families worked together to cultivate corn, cotton, yams, and beans. Men herded cattle and goats. Women spun and wove cotton. Equiano’s father was a distinguished clan elder and judge in the community. It was a position that Equiano was in line to inherit one day. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay World Civ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That never happened. Equiano, when a boy, was kidnapped and sold into slavery. Sold from trader to trader, he did not meet Europeans until he reached the coast. Years later, he described his impressions: â€Å"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I were sound by some of the crew, and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits and that they were going to kill me. Looking about him, Equiano saw â€Å"a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow. † Overwhelmed, he fainted. Fellow Africans revived him and tried to comfort him. Equiano says: â€Å"I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men. † Equiano was shipped to Barbados, then to Virginia, and later to England. Purchased by a ship’s captain, he traveled widely. He learned to read and write, eventually bought his freedom, and played a leading role in the movement to abolish slavery in Britain. In 1789 he published the story of his life, one of the few accounts (and possibly the best) written about the slave trade by an African victim of it. Millions of other Africans were not so fortunate. Torn from their homes and families, they were shipped across the Atlantic in conditions of great cruelty. They, along with the children they bore, were bought and sold like cattle and forced to toil without pay to increase the wealth of strangers. Most had no rights and could be punished, abused, or even killed at the whim of their owners. For most of those oppressed, the only deliverance from slavery was death.

Andy Warhol Essays - The Velvet Underground, Pop Art, Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol Essays - The Velvet Underground, Pop Art, Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ever before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbell's Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. I'm sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understand why and how his works were created. His life is as interesting as his artistic masterpieces. Andrew Warhola (his original name) was born one of three sons of Czech immigrants, somewhere in Pennsylvania on either August 6, 1928 or on September 28, 1930 (the date on his birth certificate). His father died when Andy was at a very young age. Thus, it forced Andy into a deep depression containing lack of self confidence. Much of his young life has been kept secret. However, he did report being very shy and depressed because he never felt comfortable with his homosexuality. His childhood life may have been full of the torture that children threw at him for being the different person he was. He was able to attend college. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in pictorial design from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949, he went to New York City with Philip Pearlstein, who was a fellow student that later became a well-known realist painter. In 1960, Warhol finally began to paint in earnest and to view art seriously as a career. He began his career with commercial drawings of women's shoes. In 1961, an early manifestation was his Dick Tracy, an enlarged version of the comic strip that was placed in the window of Lord & Taylor's department store. He followed in his own footsteps to keep going in the ever-so-famous pop art track. Warhol's use of images are so close to the images themselves, thanks to the photographic silkscreen technique, which is a process of applying the same image over and over again without changing the original. In 1963, he began turning film into his next aesthetic. He was the recorder of the world around him. Warhol saw this world as populated by hustlers of various sorts, motivated largely by money and the goods it would buy. Later that next year, he started to experiment in underground film. In the late 70's he began to use sex and nudity to gain attention in his films. Whether this was moral or not; it did, however, work. The rest of his short life was spent visiting with celebrities and keeping up with the world's times. He tried to understand how the rest of the world saw things, but just never got there. Sadly, Warhol died of a heart failure on March 9, 1987, still wearing his famous blond hair wig. Andy's diaries are not actual written records of his day to day accounts, but they are audio recordings of his phone conversations to Pat Hackett every Monday through Friday (from Wednesday, November 24, 1976 to Tuesday, February 17, 1987, just weeks before his death). Warhol originally intended these daily records to be documentation of his minor business expenses. He was just audited and felt the need to be extra careful. In a word it was a diary. But whatever its broader objective, its narrow one, to satisfy tax auditors, was always on my mind (Warhol xvi). Later on, he felt the diaries were a great way to explain his everyday occurrences for more than a decade of his life. This view of his life from his eyes is probably the most balanced view ever given. He may have changed since the 60's, but it is still the truest representation of Andy, himself. He never expressed the key happenings of his life; it's as if we, the readers, already knew them. He just usually mentions the quick everyday type things such as a cab ride to uptown New York. The first major influence on Andy Warhol's life was the stepping stone of his artistic career,

2.Critically assess the proposition that it is essential to Essay

2.Critically assess the proposition that it is essential to distinguish between refugees and other migrants - Essay Example It is for this reason that immigrants into a country cannot be treated as a homogenous group. An important distinction between these two immigrant groups is their ability to return to their native country. While refugees are either unable or unwilling to return for fear of persecution, economic immigrants are free to return at their will. Another distinction is that refugees do not enjoy much social contacts in their home country and economic immigrants maintain social contacts in their home country on a permanent basis by visiting their relatives and friends. Studies have shown that refugees over time make earnings more than economic migrants do in the host country (Cortes, 2004). Refugees deserve protection by virtue of Article 1 A (2) of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees which defines a refugee and prohibits their expulsion by Article 33 (1). A refugee is an asylum seeker initially and may or may not be taken in as a refugee. The obligation against expulsion s tems from international human rights law. For example, Articles 6 & 7 of the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prevents refugees from being returned in case of irreparable harm to them. Similarly, the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, prohibits return of asylum seekers in case of likelihood of torture being meted out to them in their home country (UNHCR, n.d.) . World Migration Report 2010 which lays down ten core areas for capacity-building to achieve migrant integration does not spell out special treatment for refugees vis-Ã  -vis other migrants. The report advocates a range of core area from strengthening economic participation by migrants to mainstreaming integration across government. It generalizes the status of migrants as being prone to poverty and social inclusion. Migrants are certainly better placed than refugees and

Public Relation Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relation Crisis - Essay Example This discussion will critically analyze the two cases chosen for depicting the PR crisis and how PR crisis impacts the overall reputation of the firm. The analysis will be done on the basis of how the companies were impacted due to the PR crisis. As the essay stresses that Public Relation is defined as the process of managing and controlling the inflow and outflow of information between an organization, an individual and the public. It is basically an approach by which organizations try to gain exposure to their target addressees by employing topics of public interest and spreading some zesty news. The primary rationale behind practising public relation is to convince the investors, employees, partners, customers, and stakeholders about the company’s products, political decision and leadership activities. Some of the evident ways by which the practise of public relation can be portrayed are winning industry awards, working closely with the press, speaking at meeting or confere nce, and employee communication. In the present business environment, importance of public relation has been like never before. Public relation is now treated as one of the most vital management disciplines. This paper explores that a crisis generally descends without any warning. It does not even give time to take any kind of precautionary measures. A crisis suddenly expands hysterically leaving hardly any chances for an immediate recovery. Moreover it disrupts the business transactions and at times intimidates the survival of an organization. ... In the present business environment, importance of public relation has been like never before. Public relation is now treated as one of the most vital management disciplines. Moreover, if properly practised public relation can play a crucial role in maintaining a sound relationship with the internal and external stakeholders of the company. The support is also important to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. In general public relation is a mere communication activity, that put emphasis on the two way communication process. Therefore it is way by which a mutual understanding between the organization, its stakeholders and the customers is established (Kitchen, 1997, p.8). Public Relation Crisis: A Brief Overview A crisis generally descends without any warning. It does not even give time to take any kind of precautionary measures. A crisis suddenly expands hysterically leaving hardly any chances for an immediate recovery. Moreover it disrupts the business transactions and at times intimidates the survival of an organization (Fearn-Banks, 2010, p.2). Some of the example of PR crisis includes Johnson & Johnson's cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules, PepsiCo's can tamper rumours, Texaco's racial discrimination lawsuit, Odwalla Foods' apple juice E-Coli outbreak, Cadbury's worm infested candy bars, JetBlue's week-long operational breakdown and The Red Cross' rogue tweet among many others. Public relation crisis is some time referred to as the communication crisis from the organizational context of view. However it is also important to overcome the issue effectively. It can be done by adopting sound crisis management techniques. Some of the ways by which the challenge can be faced are

Mozart Effect in Childrens Toys Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mozart Effect in Childrens Toys - Case Study Example In 1993 Rauscher, Shaw and Ky published results of a study in which they measured the increase of spatial reasoning skills in 36 college students who listened to music composed by Mozart. The researchers reported increases of between 8 and 10 points on the IQ spatial reasoning task scale as opposed to those students who sat quietly for the 10 minute period or listened to relaxation tapes. The results of these findings were attributed to listening to the composer's sonata and resulted in coinage of the phrase 'The Mozart Effect.' Since these findings were first reported there has been a contentious debate as to the validity of the Mozart Effect. According to Caulfield (1999) the original study was performed on college students, not infants, and the results were temporary. Rauscher et al. (1997), however, conducted a two-year study where they found that preschool children who took piano lessons had increased spatial reasoning skills. This led them to conclude that music exposure to young children enhances the development of the brain, particularly in the area of spatial reasoning skills. These findings led Caulfield (1999) to question at what age music can be processed and remembered by young infants. According to LaFuente et al (1997 as quoted in Caulfield, 1999) infants during their last trimester care capable of hearing music. He and his associates conducted a study in which they had pregnant women in their final trimester (40 weeks) play tapes of basic chords and gradually moving up to more complex musical patterns. Each mother completed between 50 and 90 hours of musical listening prior to delivery. The researchers foun d that during the first six months the infants "exhibited significantly more rapid development of many behaviors, including visual tracking, eye-hand coordination, facial imitation and babbling" (Caulfield, 1999, p. 120) but Caulfield warns that the mother's knowledge of the study may have been a confounder. Nantais and Schellenberg (1999) explain that the Mozart effect is "similar to robust psychological phenomena such as transfer or priming" (p. 370) but the main difference is that the Mozart Effect, if in fact it exists, would be caused by passive listening as opposed to active doing. In an attempt to replicate the Mozart Effect the researchers selected 84 undergraduates, 56 for one experiment and 28 for a second. They used two different music pieces: the Mozart sonata and a piece composed by Schubert. Although their findings showed an improvement in spatial reasoning by both groups who listened to music as opposed to the control group who sat in silence, they concluded that the slight improvement was due to a positive stimulus versus a negative stimulus (music to

Increased Rate of Infections in the Acute Care Setting

Increased Rate of Infections in the Acute Care Setting Rey Albert Tablazon Kim Harper Healthcare associated infections develop in a patient as a result of their exposure to healthcare facilities or procedures. They include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), C. difficile and other infections caused by bacteria and viruses encountered in healthcare facilities (CUPE, 2009). Hospital acquired infection can result in prolonged or permanent disability and some hospital acquired infections prove fatal (Taylor, Plowman, Roberts, n.d.).The rates of these hospital acquired infections in the acute care setting have increased especially in Alberta. For example, in 2007, a preliminary surveillance report on MRSA in patients from 47 Canadian acute-care sentinel hospitals found that the MRSA rate was 8.62 per 1000 admissions (AHW, 2011). Also, since reporting began in 1999, a cumulative total of 1,241 VRE infected cases were reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada (Agency) through December 31, 2011 (PHAC, 2013). With the incidences of these super-infections occurring in the acute care setting, the health of the individuals being admitted in the hospital is further placed at risk. The individuals at risk include mostly children and the elderly. According to the population projections of the Alberta Treasury Board and Finance (2013), the number of Albertans aged 80 years and older would more than triple from the current level of about 115,000 in 2012 to over 383,700 by 2041 (p. 3). This means that more and more elderly individuals will be at high risk for infections such as MRSA which according to the report by AHC (2011), have infection rates highest in the elderly (70 years and older). Acquiring infections in the acute care setting can have a great impact on the affected person’s life. This might mean he can no longer go to work while being treated in the hospital which would mean financial losses which not only affect the individual, but also his family. Furthermore, treating super infec tions in a hospital care setting can significantly impact the country’s economy. A survey of Canadian hospitals (reported in 2000) estimated the direct costs of hospital acquired infections in Canada to be approximately $1 billion annually. In 2007, MRSA alone was estimated to be costing Canada’s healthcare system $200-250 million per year (CUPE, 2009). Identifying Solutions to Prevent Super-infections Super-infections can be costly to treat and most often than not, prove fatal for the individuals afflicted with such. However, over the years, methods have been developed to further prevent individuals admitted to in an acute care setting from contracting such infections. Such methods involve adding more healthcare cleaning and infection control staff with proper training. Knowing how to deal with a situation where infection occurs can greatly reduce the risk of certain infections from spreading further among individuals in an acute care setting. Hospitals in Canada and Europe have demonstrated that investment in more cleaning and infection control staff, training and workforce stability has brought infection rates down (CUPE, 2009). Most infections acquired in the acute care setting can be transferred through direct contact. It can either be direct contact with an infected individual or an object that has come into contact with an infected individual. Transfer of infectious bacteria can be prevented through proper hand washing. Hospitals nowadays tend to have hand sanitizers placed strategically over the entire hospital. While antimicrobial soap and water are still recommended for hands that are visibly soiled or have been exposed to bodily fluids, alcohol-based gels or rubs are now preferred for routine decontamination of hands after most patient contact. These products rapidly kill bacteria and most viruses, and actually are gentler on the hands than repeated use of soap and water (IHI, 2012). The nurse’s role is to educate, not only the individuals being admitted into an acute care setting, but also the visitors coming in and out of the hospital to wash their hands properly. Nursing Care Plans There are three nursing care plans that were drafted from this scenario which may apply to potential high risk individuals involved. First nursing diagnosis is an actual problem, fear/anxiety (see Appendix A for a breakdown of the care plan). Second nursing diagnosis is a potential problem, risk for infection (see Appendix B for a breakdown of the care plan). The last nursing diagnosis is an educational need, knowledge deficit (see Appendix C for a breakdown of the care plan). Conclusion Preventing the spread of super-infections involves team effort. Not only is this limited to the health care workers, but also extends to families and visitors in an acute care setting. The addition of more staff that are trained and knowledgeable in dealing with infection prevention certainly helps keep such infections at bay. Most of these infections are acquired through direct contact; therefore, proper hand washing should be performed before and after coming into contact with an individual or any object that is present in the hospital. Not only will it reduce the risk of contracting a super-infection towards oneself, it will also prevent the spread towards other individuals. References Albert Health and Wellness, (2011). Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) – 2010 AHW Report. Retrieved from http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/MRSA- Alberta-Report-2006-2010.pdf Alberta Treasury Board and Finance, (2013). Alberta population projection. Retrieved from http://www.finance.alberta.ca/aboutalberta/population-projections/2013-2041-alberta- population-projections.pdf Canadian Union of Public Employees, (2009). Health care associated infections: a backgrounder. Retrieved from http://cupe.ca/health-care/health-care-associated- infections Doenges, M.E., Moorhouse, M.F., Murr, A.C., (2006). Nursing care plans. Guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span 7th ed. USA. F.A. Davis Company Elsevier, (n.d.). Infection, risk for universal precautions; standard precautions; CDC guidelines; OSHA. Retrieved from http://www1.us.elsevierhealth.com/MERLIN/Gulanick/archive/ Constructor/gulanick33.html Institute for Healthcare Improvement, (2014). Reducing MRSA Infections: Staying One Step Ahead. Retrieved from http://www.ihi.org/knowledge/Pages/ImprovementStories/ ReducingMRSAInfectionsStayingOneStepAhead.aspx Nanda Nursing Interventions, (2012). Nursing diagnosis knowledge deficit – gestational diabetes mellitus. Retrieved from http://nanda-nursinginterventions.blogspot.ca/2012/08/nursing- diagnosis-knowledge-deficit.html Nursing Care Plan, (n.d.). Nursing care plan. Retrieved from http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_ perrin_criticalcare_1/98/25168/6443016.cw/content/index.html Nursing Care Plan, (2012). Nursing care plan for deficient knowledge. Retrieved from http://nanda-nursing-care-plan.blogspot.ca/2012/02/nursing-care-plan-for-deficient.html Public Health Agency of Canada, (2013). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections in Canadian acute-care hospitals: Surveillance Report January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.ammi.ca/media/55895/cnisp_vre_surveillance_report_ 1999_to_2011-en.pdf Taylor, K., Plowman, R., Roberts, J.A., (n.d.) The challenge of hospital acquired infection. USA. Stationery Office Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C

Essay --

In today’s society, students seem to be different. As a future teacher, I realize that students today need more out of their education. I believe this is because of the vast home lives students come from and the various issues that students face today. Many of the students that I have worked with on my field experience come from dysfunctional homes or broken homes. This creates many problems; both emotional and behavioral. As a future teacher, it is important to keep this in mind when working with students. Teachers today evaluate the background of their students and use this information to better serve each and every student. In today’s world, teachers understand that not every student is the same and doesn’t come from the same place. Due to this fact, teachers make it very important that they get to know who their students are. Each day is a new day for a teacher and every child is a unique individual. Teaching has its many ups and downs. I believe that teachi ng is not just profession for livelihood but goes far beyond the essential human values. Teaching is not a profession; it's a passion. Without passion for your career and a desire for your students to learn, to help them be the best in the world, if not, we have failed as a future teacher and failure is not an option. A teacher has to be an inspirational and constant driving force to a student, and only then can they become somebody in life. Great teachers are remembered not for the subject they teach, but for inspiring their students and for unlocking their ability to dream. Teaching is an honorable profession and to be a teacher by choice is even nobler. Teachers are the guides to future leaders of history. Their effects are timeless and no one knows where their influe... ...including the residents' quality of life, the care received, the environment surrounding them, and the nursing home's payment policy. I worked with the recreation director, who plans activities for the residents. I painted the elderly women's nails and read them letters from their children. Also, I helped with special days like Ice Cream Day, Summer Picnic Day, and Clown around Day. For each we create special word scrambles. I also have taken patients for walks. We had birthday parties and exercise days. Through my volunteering I have had many good experiences both volunteering and visiting my grandfather. My volunteer experience has shown me that I can bring joy to older people. Everyone will have to face having parents and grandparents growing older and becoming dependent on their children. Dealing with this situation has made me a stronger and more caring person.

Chinese education: Then and Now Essay

Education in China began with the Chinese classic texts, rather than organized religion. The early Chinese state depended upon literate, educated officials for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination system was established in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) for evaluating and selecting officials. This merit-based system gave rise to schools that taught the classics and continued in use for 2,000 years, until the end the Qing Dynasty, and was abolished in 1911 in favour of Western education methods (Global Oneness Commitment). New approaches to education were encouraged after 1977, after a long period of nothing being done with the growth of education and science. It was in 1985, that school reform was implemented. Schooling was for nine years, with academic achievement having priority over political consciousness. Education comes in two categories – general and specific. The former includes the regular college, junior college, vocations secondary school and middle school levels, and the latter includes elimination of illiteracy rural practical technology training, on-the-job training, education for single-discipline qualification certificates, education for vocational certificates and postgraduate continued education (Asian Info).

Sports in Victorian England Essays

Sports in Victorian England Essays Sports in Victorian England Paper Sports in Victorian England Paper Sports allow people to come together and spend time with one another. Women, children and men could all participate In one sport or another. As It Is now, It was back then, a great way to spend time with each other and Just kick back and relax. Some sports that were played back then were bicycling, croquet, lawn tennis, and soccer. Bicycling was a very popular sport to participate In. It was inexpensive to start and also a great way to get around without having a car. It started In England In about 1885 hen people needed to save money. By the sasss people started calling the era the Golden Age of Cycling. When cycling first started the bikes, as we call them today were a lot different than the bikes we ride today. The front wheel was about 40- 48 Inches In diameter and the rear wheel was about 16 Inches In diameter. This supposedly gave a smoother ride. Croquet was also a sport of the Victorian era. This sport was one of the few sports that women and men could play together. Since a lot of the sports had to do with speed and strength, many of the girls werent allowed to play. It was very popular around 1856 in England. Croquet started becoming very popular because women could play privately without men, and sometimes even Walt or against men. It malign nave even Eden ten TLS ever co-De game established. Women cheated often in this game by wearing long skirts and hiding their foot when they would kick the ball away from the target stick. Men had to read counseling books to learn how to deal with the girls behavior so they would not fight. Also Lawn Tennis was an awesome sport during that era. A lot of middle aged women played this game. After a while men also started playing tennis and a lot of organized competitions were started. At one point, there were so many people playing the game that it became chaotic because of the lack of organized rules, but people still had a lot of fun playing together. During the sass the game became patented, universal rules were established and money paying tournaments started. But still, there were still some inconsistent rules so it was still a mess. When All England Croquet Club was formed, a group of lawn tennis players took an entire summer to play and perfect the game. That was when the boundaries of the net and courts were set and became widely accepted. In 1877 the first serve was served and thats when the tennis we know today became the amazing sport it now is. Football is one of my favorite sports to watch and it was also a popular sport during the Victorian Era. If you compare it to todays games, it was like rugby and soccer put together. During ten Totally was more Like ten soccer AT today. It started In England In 1871 and was organized by churches to get more attendance at church. Thanks to those churches, football as become the number one most popular sport in the America today! The first rules were that the first team who scored 2 out of 3 times won the game. In university football, the players could tackle the other teams players to keep them from scoring a goal. Those rules eventually became widely accepted and developed into the game we know today. The first governing body ever was the Football Association (FAA). Women didnt get to play a lot of sports during the Victorian era. Back then werent thought of very highly. The two sports women mainly played were croquet and lawn tennis.

Lidentification et la caractrisation du site dif des Bacil essays

Lidentification et la caractrisation du site dif des Bacil essays Les cellules avec un chromosome circulaire et systme de recombinaison homologue doivent à ªtre en mesure de transformer les chromosomes circulaires en dimres ou encore en multimres. Ces dimres sont issus dun nombre impair de recombinaisons survenues entre les chromosomes surs durant la rplication. Si la transformation du dimre en monomre na pas lieu cela va empà ªcher la bonne division du matriel gntique en nouvelles cellules filles. En analysant de nombreuses donnes, donnes in vivo et in vitro, il a t possible de dresser un modle sur la coordination de la rsolution des dimres et sur les divisions cellulaires chez E. coli. Chez E. coli, deux tyrosines recombinases ayant chacune un site spcifique, soit XerC et XerD, agissent ensemble sur le site dif, site situ prs de la terminaison du chromosome de rplication, pour transformer les chromosomes dimres en monomres durant la division cellulaire. La dltion du site dif chez la bactrie E.coli ou encore une mutation de XerD entrainent le dveloppement dune sous-population de cellules filamenteuses qui contiennent des nuclotides diviss de faà §on anormale. En outre, il a t dmontr que la protine FtsK doit à ªtre localise ltranglement de la cloison pour faire en sorte que laction des tyrosines recombinases sur le chromosome ait lieu. Similairement, les plasmides qui contiennent les 28 paires de bases (pb) minimales du site dif des E. coli (Ecdif) montrent une dpendance pour la protine FtsK lors de la recombinaison in vivo site spcifique inter et intramolculaire par Xer. On croit que les chromosomes dimriques sont des d...

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods Essay

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods - Essay Example Peter Law, in his article, â€Å"A Call for more Sweatshop† and others who favor sweatshop labor argue that it provides a means of employment for the weaker section of the population which helps the lower income population to lead a better livelihood. In addition, such companies provide employment for women, and that would, in turn, help them to become more independent and self-supportive. While sweatshop labor does provide a means of employment for the people, the mental and physical turmoil endured by the employees is much more than the benefits gained. In addition, the manufacturing of fake goods by itself is illegal as it is a deliberate infringement of the intellectual property rights of companies that produce the original goods. Hence, stricter policies and judicial changes should be introduced to close down companies producing fake goods and help save the lives of millions of women and children who are forced to work under horrendous conditions. The production of fake or counterfeit products is a violation of intellectual property rights and it poses a significant threat to the world economy as both businesses as well as the consumers are at a loss. As mentioned by Goodwin, the intellectual property theft has affected the world economy to the tune of nearly $600 billion a year. The number of fake products being seized is increasing at an alarming rate with a recent report from the EU customs showing seizure of nearly 100 million products in 2001. This illegal trade is part of every sector such as the information technology sector, clothing, toy industry and pharmaceuticals to name a few and the global market of counterfeit products have risen from 3 billion a year to nearly 100 times more (Counterfeiting and Organised Crime). The sale of counterfeit products has risen sharply over the past decade. A recent report shows that both industrial and commercial counterfeiting represents about 5 to 7% of trade in the world.

Will Global Warming Heat up Or Cool Down the Economy Essay

Will Global Warming Heat up Or Cool Down the Economy - Essay Example These changes in precipitation in turn increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes and tornados. The effects of these severe weather disturbances range from lower agricultural yields, glacial retreat, less summer stream flows, extinction of species and increase in the number of disease vectors (Wikipedia). The scientific community is now nearly unanimous in heaping the blame for global warming on human activities, with only a small minority of the scientists absolves man for the phenomenon. But the persistent debate centers somewhere else, such as on how much worse climate change will occur in the future, and what needs to be done to reverse or at least reduce it. The relationship between global warming and hurricanes is another subject that is hotly debated. If the world's climatic scientists agree on one thing, it is on the superlative force of Hurricane Katrina, which swept across the Americas and Europe in 2004. The consensus is that no natural calamity in memory matched the scope and magnitude of the damage it wrought on lives, property and the economy. But the suspected link between weather events like Katrina and global warming is yet to be proven. Research by a group of German scientists argues that the devastating floods in central Europe in 2002, for example, were perfectly normal events based on historical record (Murray, I., 2006). Other hurricane scientists agree that there is no way to blame global warming for Hurricane Katrina. Allegations that extreme weather events had become more damaging lately do not take into account the fact that human beings now live and invest resources in more dangerous areas, such as mountainside and seacoasts. The increase in the recorded number of these weather disturbances may be due to better observation and reporting methods. Thus, when the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claimed that global warming exacerbated the 2004 hurricane season that produced Katrina, a top IPCC expert resigned in January 2005 in complete disagreement. Philip Klotzbach of the Colorado State University says that based on his own studies, most increases in Category 4-5 hurricanes between the period 1986-95 and 1996-2005 are due to improved observation technology. This indicates that other factors dictate the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones. There is as yet no scientific consensus that global warming will cause damaging climate change, notwithstanding claims by UNEP, IPICC and the US National Academy of Sciences that there is such a growing agreement. But the scientists do agree that the global average temperature is rising. What the scientists don't know yet are: 1) whether past temperature changes should be attributed to carbon dioxide levels; 2) predicting future temperature levels confidently and accurately; and 3) what temperature change levels would be damaging to life on earth. The NAS itself says that the 20 years' worth of knowledge and data on this discipline is not long and sufficient enough to estimate long-term trends.